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Line 1: − For a similar structure, which differs in being designed to receive excess flow and convey it, whilst promoting infiltration to native soils, see [[exfiltration trenches]].+ − + + + − <strong>The fundamental components of an infiltration trench are:</strong> + − + − + − + + + − + + + + + Line 27:
Line 35: − {{:Infiltration: Construction}}+ + − ==Incentives and Credits== − ===In Ontario=== − ===LEED BD + C v. 4=== − {{:LEED: Rainwater management}} − ===SITES v.2===
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This article is about underground systems which distribute concentrated flow along a level, linear facility to promote infiltration to native soils. <br>
This article is about underground systems which distribute concentrated flow along a level, linear facility to promote infiltration to native soils. <br>
See [[exfiltration trenches]] for guidance on infiltration trench systems integrated with conventional storm sewers and manholes that provide both infiltration and conveyance functions.
[[File:Infiltration trench.png|thumb|Schematic diagram of an underground infiltration trench]]
[[File:Kortright trench.PNG|thumb|This infiltration trench features an inlet composed of [[geotextile| filter fabric]] and decorative [[stone| river stone]], which provides some [[pretreatment]] and can easily be removed and replaced as part of routine sediment removal maintenance. For more details click [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2016/08/BioVSTrench_TechBrief__July2015.pdf here] ]]
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==Overview==
==Overview==
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As their name suggests infiltration trenches work primarily to infiltrate and convey stormwater. They are an underground facility and are excellently suited to connecting other components in the treatment train.
As their name suggests infiltration trenches work primarily to infiltrate and convey stormwater. They are an underground facility and are excellently suited to connecting other components in the treatment train.
{{textbox|1=Infiltration trenches are an ideal technology for:
{{textbox|1=Infiltration trenches are an ideal technology for:
*Installing below any type of surface or landscape
*Installing below any type of surface or landscape
*Balancing the requirements to infiltrate excess stormwater whilst conveying excess}}
*Balancing the requirements to infiltrate excess stormwater whilst conveying excess}}
'''The fundamental components of an infiltration trench are:'''
*Layers of [[Reservoir_gravel|coarse aggregate]] to bed the chambers and redistribute water.
*Water storage reservoir, filled with [[Reservoir_gravel|coarse aggregate]], possibly void-forming structures to minimize depth and conserve aggregate, and organic material derived from untreated wood (aids in dissolved nitrogen removal);
*[[Pipes|Perforated pipe]]
*[[Pipes|Perforated pipes]] to deliver water to the trench and convey excess flow to a downstream storm sewer or other BMP; and
*[[Geotextiles|Filter fabric a.k.a geotextile]]
*[[Geotextile]] to maintain separation between the storage reservoir and surrounding native soil.
==Planning considerations==
==Planning considerations==
As shown in the illustration above a surface inlet to an infiltration trench may simply be a channel of decorative [[stone]] supported by a [[geotextile]]. So that at grade it may be indistinguishable from a [[gravel diaphragm]]. In function though, the decorative surface course of the infiltration trench needs to remain free-draining down into the trench, whereas the gravel diaphragm is designed to spill over onto adjacent land, leaving sediment behind in the [[gravel]] or [[stone]] channel.
==Design==
==Design==
===Sizing===
===Sizing===
[[Infiltration: Sizing and modeling]]
'''[[Infiltration: Sizing and modeling]]'''
*Virginia up to 10' (3 m) deep. <ref>Viriginia Department of Transport. (2010). VDOT BMP Design Manual of Practice. Retrieved March 15, 2018, from http://www.virginiadot.org/business/resources/LocDes/BMP_Design-Manual/Chapter_8_Infiltration_Trench.pdf</ref>
*Minnesota up to 12' (3.6 m) deep. <ref>Design criteria for Infiltration trench. (2016, September 21). Minnesota Stormwater Manual, . Retrieved 13:25, April 4, 2018 from https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=Design_criteria_for_Infiltration_trench&oldid=28702.</ref>
*"...not normally deeper than 3 to 4 m in order to maximise the length of the flow path to the water table through the unsaturated zone." <ref>Design of soakaways (2015) www.tiipublications.ie/library/DN-DNG-03072-01.pdf</ref>
*There is a cost implication with designing deeper practices. If >2.0 m deep, trench shorings are required to support the side walls during construction.
==Materials==
==Materials==
==Construction==
==Construction==
*[[Construction]]
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{:Infiltration trenches: Gallery}}
{{:Infiltration trenches: Gallery}}
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[[category:infiltration]]
[[category:infiltration]]