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Line 1: − [[File:Infiltration Chambers.png|thumb|Schematic diagram of an underground infiltration gallery]] Line 6:
Line 5: − <strong>The fundamental components of an infiltration gallery are:</strong> − *Structurally reinforced chambers − *Layers of [[Reservoir_gravel|coarse aggregate]] to bed the chambers and redistribute water. − *[[Pipes|Perforated pipe]] − + + + + + − + − |-+ − | Materials || Plastic || Concrete || Plastic/concrete || Plastic+ + + − + + + + − + − + − + − + − + − + − [[File:Cultec_infiltration_chamber_550x550.jpg|thumb|Infiltration chambers being installed]]+ − Both modular systems require a lower bedding layer of angular stone to permit infiltration, and provide a foundation for the installation: + − + − − <h3>Sizing</h3>+ − '''[[Infiltration: Sizing and modeling]]'''+ + + − <h3>Chambers</h3>+ − <h3>Aggregates</h3>+ − + − <h3>Other</h3>+ − + − + − <h3>In Ontario</h3>+ − <h3>LEED BD + C v. 4</h3>+ − {{:LEED: Rainwater management}}+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→Planning Considerations
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==Overview==
==Overview==
As their name suggests infiltration chambers work exclusively to infiltrate stormwater. They are an underground facility and are often used beneath parking lots or playing fields to treat flow routed from other areas.
As their name suggests infiltration chambers work exclusively to infiltrate stormwater. They are an underground facility and are often used beneath parking lots or playing fields to treat flow routed from other areas.
*Installing below any type of surface or landscape
*Installing below any type of surface or landscape
*Receiving and infiltrating large volumes of water}}
*Receiving and infiltrating large volumes of water}}
'''The fundamental components of an infiltration chamber system are:'''
*[[Pretreatment]] devices to retain trash, debris, sediment and floatables and prevent clogging of inlets, underlying native soil and outlets;
*Storage reservoir consisting of structurally reinforced chambers, vaults, crates, perforated pipes or other void-forming structures embedded in [[Reservoir_gravel|coarse aggregate]];
*[[Pipes|Pipes]] and possibly flow control structures to convey water into and out of the practice; and
*[[Geotextiles]] to maintain separation between the storage reservoir and surrounding native soil.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! System type !! Pipe !! Vaults !! Arched chambers !! Crates
! rowspan="2"|System type
! Perforated pipes
! Vaults
! Arched chambers
! Crates
|-
|-
| Footprint || Medium || Small || Large || Small
|[[File:SWM Pipe.jpg|frameless]]
|[[File:SWM Vaults.jpg|frameless]]
|[[File:SWM Arches.jpg|frameless]]
|[[File:SWM Crates.jpg|frameless]]
|-
|-
| Stackable || Not usually (can be without infiltration) || Yes || Not usually (can be without infiltration) || Yes
| Materials || Plastic or Metal || Concrete || Plastic || Plastic
|-
|-
| Onsite assembly || Some || No || Yes || Yes
| Footprint || Medium || Small || Medium || Small
|-
|-
| Void ratio || 60-65% || 75-85% || 50-65% || 95%
| Stackable || Yes || No || Yes || Yes
|-
|-
| Maintenance access || Moderate || Excellent || Moderate || Difficult
| Effective Porosity (n') || 0.60 - 0.65 || 0.75 - 0.85 || 0.50 - 0.65 || 0.95
|-
|-
| Standard strength || H-20 || H-25 || H-20 || H20-HS25
| Maintenance Access || Moderate || Excellent || Moderate || Difficult
|-
|-
| Manufacturer || Contech || "Contech Stormtrap Rotondo" || "Contech Stormchamber Cultech" || "Ecorain Atlantis Stormtank"
| Standard Strength || H-20 || H-25 || H-20 || H-20 - H-25
|}
|}
==Planning Considerations==
==Planning Considerations==
All types of modular infiltration systems require a bedding of angular clear stone to permit infiltration, and provide a foundation for the installation:
*Plastic chambers usually have a parabolic shape to support the load above. The spaces between rows of plastic pipes or chambers are filled with clear stone to support overlying structures.
*Plastic modules usually have a parabolic shape to resist the load above. The spaces between the rows of the gallery are then filled with more clear stone to support the overlying infrastructure.
*Concrete vaults and plastic crates are often rectangular-shaped. Concrete vault systems can, in some circumstances, be employed without any additional cover. However, a minimum of 20 cm cover is recommended for most applications. Where this cover is planting soil this can support turf grass. Greater planting soil depths are required to support more deeply rooting plants like perennials and shrubs (45 to 60 cm) and trees (85 to 100 cm).
*Concrete modules are often box shaped and can, in some circumstances, be employed without any additional cover. However, a minimum of 20 cm cover is for most applications. Where this cover is (irrigated) topsoil this can support turf grass. Deeper soil is required to support more complex plants.
==Design==
==Design==
===Sizing===
[[Infiltration: Sizing and modeling]]
===Modeling===
==Materials==
==Materials==
===Chambers===
{{:Infiltration chambers: Specifications}}
{{:Infiltration chambers: Specifications}}
===Aggregates===
{{:Gravel}}
{{:Reservoir gravel}}
===Other===
*[[Geotextiles]]
*[[Geotextiles]]
*[[Pipes]]
*[[Pipes]]
==Construction==
==Construction==
{{:Infiltration: Construction}}
[[Construction]]
==Incentives and Credits==
==Gallery==
{{:Infiltration chambers: Gallery}}
[[category:infiltration]]
==External links==
{{:Disclaimer}}
===Plastic chambers===
*[http://stormtechcalc.azurewebsites.net/index.html ADS chambers design tool]
*[http://www.armtec.com/products/product_detail/cutlec-contactor-and-recharger-chambers/161/339/l:eng Armtec]
*[http://echelonenvironmental.ca/stormwater/stormwater-storage/ Echelon]
*[http://cultec.com/products/contactor-recharger-stormwater-chambers/ Cultec]
*[http://nilex.com/products/stormwater-chambers Nilex]
*[http://www.tritonsws.com/ Triton]
===Concrete chambers===
*[http://stormtrap.com/products/singletrap/ Stormtrap]
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