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Line 59: − − [[File:Figure 4.3.7 (G-to-G Public Lands).JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical park.]] − − ===Small-scale projects=== − Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to − increase public interest in LID practices, gauge municipal − support, and gain retrofit experience. Small-scale projects − include retrofitting your site with landscape alternatives or rain − barrels, enhancements of existing swales, or using pollution − prevention strategies and practices. − − Small-scale projects require fewer resources and require a − smaller project budget because: − * They do not require integration into capital works − projects − * Engineering consultants are not required − * Contractors may not be required − * External approvals are not required − * Consultation with the public is limited − − Due to this smaller financial commitment, it can be easier − to build colleague and supervisor support for small-scale − projects. − − [[Pollution prevention|Pollution prevention (P2)]] projects are great − small-scale projects for municipal facilities − like public works yards. To learn more about − implementing P2 on your site, '''refer to the case studies on Armstrong Manufacturing Inc, Bernardi Building Supply Ltd. and Unifay-Fedar Investments in Appendix B.''' − − Many P2 techniques and strategies do not require − construction, consultants or contractors. Adding signage to a − site is a simple and easy to implement pollution prevention at − municipal facilities. − − A successful small-scale LID retrofit project on your municipal − site is a good indication that you are ready to take on a more − intensive retrofit project. You now know the resources that are − available and understand the internal municipal processes − required to move a LID project from planning to finished − product. − − ===Large-scale projects=== − − Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget, − and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID retrofits − include: − * Bioretention − * Enhanced grass swales − * Bioswales − * Perforated pipe systems − * Permeable pavement − * Soakaways − * Infiltration chambers − * Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels) − * Prefabricated modules − * Green roofs − − Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or − department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Large-scale − projects are often highly visible and attract more public − attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution − to site-specific challenges. For example, if site infrastructure − is at risk as a result of urban flooding, LID practices that detain − large volumes of runoff and encourage infiltration are the − most viable LID options. − Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the − following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scale − projects. − − ===Integration with capital works programs=== − − Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing − site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins, − and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale − LID practices often requires these systems to be removed, − exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project to − occur is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation − project is already planned. − − When LID retrofits are worked into other construction − projects, such as parking lot repaving, or grading or drainage − improvements, there can be substantial cost savings. − Whether big or small, every municipality spends relatively − large sums of money and substantial time planning for − major capital projects. This includes redevelopment of public − building and spaces. Many communities who have undertaken − retrofits recognize that even if a relatively small portion of the − project funds goes towards LID retrofits, they can retrofit large − impervious surfaces and avoid new stormwater management − infrastructure projects17. − − Municipal facility rehabilitation is typically forecast well in − advance of the project. Parking lot paving is typically worked − into municipal budgets based on expected life cycle and − observed wear. As such, funds may be set aside prior to − the project planning phases. Long-term forecast budgets − may also be available for site revitalizations or expansions. − These budget forecasts provide opportunities to compare the − capital and life-cycle costs and benefits of the conventional − construction project and LID retrofit. − − ===Involvement of consultants and contractors=== − Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects, − specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design, − detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction − supervision and administration, and assumption and − verification. − − Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits. − Ideally, contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous − experience with similar LID projects. − Remember, the contractor with the lowest bid − does not necessarily deliver the best product. − − ===More intensive public consultation=== − − Stakeholders must be closely involved in the retrofit process − for large-scale LID projects. These projects have longer − construction windows, may have significant impacts on long-term − public use patterns of the site, and will cost significantly − more taxpayer dollars. − − Gaining public insight in advance of LID implementation can − help address public concerns and information gaps, as well as identify public supporters and champions. Public consultation − can help designers tailor the project to address community − concerns and values. Consultation can also help the design − team integrate the LID practice into the site’s landscape. − − ===External approvals=== − − Large-scale retrofits may require a variety of approvals at the − municipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level. − Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies − or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects. − Alternatively, the municipality may have to amend or enforce − some policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of − LID projects on your site.
LID opportunities at municipal facilities (view source)
Revision as of 14:35, 6 August 2020
, 5 years ago→Targeting hard surfaces
[[File:Bioretention_Planters_1.jpeg|thumb|[[Stormwater planters]] beautify this building entrance. The entrance receives a lot of traffic during business hours, making it an ideal location for a high visibility LID practice. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]
[[File:Bioretention_Planters_1.jpeg|thumb|[[Stormwater planters]] beautify this building entrance. The entrance receives a lot of traffic during business hours, making it an ideal location for a high visibility LID practice. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]
[[Permeable paving]] is also an option in large municipal parking lots. Pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and porous asphalt can detain stormwater and increase infiltration.
[[Permeable pavements]] are also an option in large municipal parking lots. Pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and porous asphalt can detain stormwater and increase infiltration.
Municipal facilities provide excellent opportunities for integrating [[rainwater harvesting]] systems. Rainwater harvesting systems have two requirements: an area for catchment of relatively clean runoff and a nearby demand for water usage. Municipal facilities often have large rooftop areas producing relatively clean runoff. Installing a cistern internal to the building or buried adjacent to the building can provide a sustainable source of water for site irrigation needs for landscaped areas, recreational fields and indoor use (e.g. flushing toilets and urinals).
Municipal facilities provide excellent opportunities for integrating [[rainwater harvesting]] systems. Rainwater harvesting systems have two requirements: an area for catchment of relatively clean runoff and a nearby demand for water usage. Municipal facilities often have large rooftop areas producing relatively clean runoff. Installing a cistern internal to the building or buried adjacent to the building can provide a sustainable source of water for site irrigation needs for landscaped areas, recreational fields and indoor use (e.g. flushing toilets and urinals).
=== Targeting pollution prevention opportunities ===
=== Targeting pollution prevention opportunities ===
On some municipal sites, pollution prevention techniques and strategies outlined in Chapter 2 are the best approaches to mitigating the environmental impact of your site. Retrofits of municipal works yards require a different approach than other land uses discussed in this guide. Works yards do not offer substantial opportunities for public interaction. LID retrofits should focus primarily on reducing pollution generated on-site. Fuelling stations, waste storage areas, truck washing stations, sand and salt storage, staging areas and water conveyance features are ideal for
On some municipal sites, [[Pollution prevention|pollution prevention]] techniques and strategies are the best approaches to mitigating the environmental impact of your site. Retrofits of municipal works yards require a different approach than other land uses discussed in this guide. Works yards do not offer substantial opportunities for public interaction. LID retrofits should focus primarily on reducing pollution generated on-site. Fueling stations, waste storage areas, truck washing stations, sand and salt storage, staging areas and water conveyance features are ideal for pollution prevention.
pollution prevention.
=== Source areas ===
=== Source areas ===
The best LID option for your site will depend what source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
The best LID option for your site will depend what source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
[[File:Figure 4.3.7 (G-to-G Public Lands).JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical community centre.]]
*Active use areas
*Active use areas
*Passive use areas
*Passive use areas
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! Source area
! Source area
! [[Permeable pavement]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! [[Bioretention]]
! [[Bioretention]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]] / [[Bioswales|bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]] / [[Bioswales|bioswales]]
! [[Green roofs]]
! [[Green roofs]]
![[Soakaways, Infiltration Trenches and Infiltration Chambers Guide| Soakaways]] and [[Infiltration trenches|infiltration trenches]]
! Soakaways and [[Infiltration chambers|infiltration chambers]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe systems]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe systems]]
! [[Rainwater harvesting]]
! [[Rainwater harvesting]]
|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || **
|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || **
|}
|}
[[Category:Planning]]
[[Category:Planning]]