Changes

*[[Check dams]], to facilitate short term ponding

*[[Check dams]], to facilitate short term ponding

'''Additional components may include:'''

'''Additional components may include:'''

*[[Absorbent landscapes| Amended soil]], to of [[filter media]] increase infiltration to soils below

*[[Absorbent landscapes| Amended soil]] or [[filter media]] to increase infiltration to soils below

*[[Turf reinforcement]], to prevent scour

*[[Turf reinforcement]], to prevent scour

===Safety===

===Safety===

As shallow grassed swales are a common roadside construction, the Ministry of Transport has created their own guide to maximum flow depth and freeboard<ref>Ontario Ministry of Transportation, & Ontario Ministry for Transportation. (2016). Stormwater Management Requirements for Land Development Proposals. Retrieved February 26, 2018, from http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/publications/drainage/stormwater/section8.shtml#controls</ref><ref>Drainage and Hydrology Section Transportation Engienering Branch Quality and Standards Division. (1997). MTO Drainage Management Manual. Retrieved from http://www.ontla.on.ca/library/repository/mon/12000/198363.pdf</ref>. Their advice has been prepared specifically for high risk environments and those stringent constraints should not be applied to all circumstances. In many urban environments the principle of applying check dams to enhance all surface BMPS can be safely used to encourage ponding and subsequent [[infiltration]] for a day or two.

As shallow grassed swales are a common roadside construction, the Ministry of Transport has created their own guide to maximum flow depth and freeboard<ref>Ontario Ministry of Transportation, & Ontario Ministry for Transportation. (2016). Stormwater Management Requirements for Land Development Proposals. Retrieved February 26, 2018, from http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/publications/drainage/stormwater/section8.shtml#controls</ref><ref>Drainage and Hydrology Section Transportation Engienering Branch Quality and Standards Division. (1997). MTO Drainage Management Manual. Retrieved from http://www.ontla.on.ca/library/repository/mon/12000/198363.pdf</ref>. Their advice has been prepared specifically for high risk environments and those stringent constraints should not be applied to all circumstances. In many urban environments the principle of applying check dams to enhance all surface BMPs can be safely used to encourage ponding and subsequent [[infiltration]] for a day or two.

==Design==

==Design==

*Bottom width between 0.6 - 2.4 m

*Bottom width between 0.6 - 2.4 m

*Minimum length 30 m

*Minimum length 30 m

Maximum depth of flow

*Maximum depth of flow should be 50% height of grass for regularly mown swales, to maximum of 75 mm, or 33% height of vegetation for infrequently mown swales.  

 

*50% height of grass for regularly mown swales, to maximum of 75 mm.

*33% height of vegetation for infrequently mown swales.  

===Planting Considerations===

===Planting Considerations===

*[[Grasses]] and herbaceous species with dense root structure cover should be favoured along the bottom of the swale for their ability to increase infiltration, stabilize soils, retain pollutants and assist with suspended solids.  

*[[Grasses]] and herbaceous species with dense root structure cover should be favoured along the bottom of the swale for their ability to increase infiltration, stabilize soils, retain pollutants and assist with suspended solids.

*Enhanced grass swales may be planted with sod or seed. Stabilize swale with erosion control blanket if planting with seed. Include a temporary cover crop in native seed mix.

*The plant material on the slopes of grass channels must be capable of withstanding periodic inundation in addition to extended periods of drought. Species include grasses and groundcovers, as well as low shrub species.  

*The plant material on the slopes of grass channels must be capable of withstanding periodic inundation in addition to extended periods of drought. Species include grasses and groundcovers, as well as low shrub species.  

*Plants along the exterior of this zone act to slow the flow during stormwater events, reducing sedimentation and increasing infiltration.  The root structure of this plant material also acts to reduce erosion.

*Plants along the exterior of this zone act to slow the flow during stormwater events, reducing sedimentation and increasing infiltration.  The root structure of this plant material also acts to reduce erosion.

*The channel must be vegetated immediately after [[grading]]. Preferably, the swale should be planted in the spring so that the vegetation can become established with minimal irrigation.

*The channel must be vegetated immediately after [[grading]]. Preferably, the swale should be planted in the spring so that the vegetation can become established with minimal irrigation.

===Modeling===

==Modeling==

{{:Swales: TTT}}

{{:Swales: TTT}}

==Materials==

==Materials==

{{:Turf}}

{{:Turf}}