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-__NOTOC__
+#REDIRECT[[Terminology]]
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-|text=<span style="font-size:12%; line-height: 2.1em;">|1=<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">[[#A|A]], [[#B|B]], [[#C|C]], [[#D|D]], [[#E|E]], [[#F|F]], [[#G|G]], [[#H|H]], [[#I|I]], [[#J|J]], [[#K|K]], [[#L|L]], [[#M|M]], [[#N|N]], [[#O|O]], [[#P|P]], [[#Q|Q]], [[#R|R]], [[#S|S]], [[#T|T]], [[#U|U]], [[#V|V]], [[#W|W]], [[#X|X]], [[#Y|Y]], [[#Z|Z]]</div>}}
-= A =
-=== Aggregate ===
-A broad category of particulate material used in construction, including sand,
-gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates, and available in
-various particulate size gradations.
-= B =
-=== Berm ===
-A compacted earthen wall that diverts runoff or creates shallow ponding of runoff. In
-some cases, runoff ponds behind the berm and gradually flows through it or is infiltrated.
-=== Biofilter ===
-A bioretention stormwater best management practice featuring an impermeable liner
-and underdrain that prevents infiltration of runoff into the underlying native soil; provides
-sedimentation and filtration of urban runoff as it passes through the mulch layer, engineered
-filter media and vegetation root zone.
-=== Bioretention ===
-A stormwater filtration and infiltration practice. The practice is a shallow
-excavated surface depression containing a prepared soil mix, mulch, and planted with specially
-selected vegetation. The system is engineered to temporarily store runoff in the depression and
-gradually filters it through the mulch, engineered soil mix, and root zone. They remove
-pollutants from runoff through filtration in the soil and uptake by plant roots and can help to
-reduce runoff volume through evapotranspiration and infiltration.
-= C =
-=== Check Dam ===
-Structures constructed of a non-erosive material, such as suitably sized
-aggregate, wood, gabions, riprap, or concrete, used to slow runoff water to allow sedimentation,
-filtration, evapotranspiration, and infiltration into the underlying native soil. Can be employed in
-practices such as dry and enhanced grass swales.
-=== Cistern ===
-Tank used to store rainwater (typically roof runoff) for later use.
-= D =
-=== Depression Storage ===
-A technique for incorporating shallow depressed areas into urban
-landscaped areas for storing and infiltrating runoff. Typically, depression storage areas are
-small and have limited capacity and limited duration of retention in order to address property
-owner concerns relating to insects, damage to structures and inconvenience of ponded water on
-their property.
-=== Detention ===
-The temporary storage of stormwater to control discharge rates, and allow for
-sedimentation.
-=== Drawdown Time ===
-The period between the maximum water level and the minimum level (dryweather
-or antecedent level).
-=== Dry Swale ===
-Linear bioretention cells designed to convey, treat and attenuate stormwater runoff;
-The engineered filter media soil mixture and vegetation slows the runoff water to allow
-sedimentation, filtration through the root zone, evapotranspiration, and infiltration into the
-underlying native soil.
-= E=
-=== Evapotranspiration ===
-The combined loss of water to the atmosphere from land and water
-surfaces by evaporation and from plants by transpiration.
-=== Enhanced Grass Swale ===
-Vegetated open channels designed to convey, treat and attenuate
-stormwater runoff, also referred to as enhanced vegetated swales. Enhanced grass swales are
-not capable of providing the same water balance and water quality benefits as dry swales, as
-they lack the engineered soil media and storage capacity.
-=== Environmental Impact Report (EIR) ===
-The evaluation of the possible effects that may arise from a
-proposed project on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic
-aspects.
-=== Exfiltration ===
-Loss of water from a drainage system as a result of percolation or absorption into
-the surrounding medium (e.g., the infiltration of water into the native soil through a perforated
-pipe wall as it is conveyed).
-= F =
-=== Filter Media ===
-The engineered soil bed component of bioretention cell or dry swale designs,
-typically composed of a sandy soil mixture containing a limited proportion of fine textured
-material, which provides a growing medium for vegetation, maintains a high rate of infiltration
-over the lifespan of the practice, and retains contaminants through filtration and adsorption to
-soil particles.
-=== Filtration ===
-The technique of removing pollutants from runoff as it infiltrates through the soil.
-=== Fines ===
-Soil materials with less than a 0.050 mm diameter particle size.
-=== First Flush ===
-Initial pulse of stormwater runoff which picks up the pollutants that have settled on
-surfaces during the dry period. The first flush contains the highest pollutant concentrations.
-=== Forebay ===
-A pretreatment basin at the inlet of a practice that allow settling out of sediment and
-associated contaminants suspended in urban runoff.
-=== Flow Path Length ===
-The minimum linear distance of water flow across a surface.
-=== Fluvial Geomorphology ===
-The study of the processes responsible for the shape and form, or
-morphology, of watercourses; describes the processes whereby sediment (e.g., silt, sand,
-gravel) and water are transported from the headwaters of a watershed to its mouth.
-=== Fused Grid ===
-A hybrid neighbourhood and district layout model that combines the geometries of
-inner city grid road patterns with the loop and cul-de-sac road patterns of conventional suburbs.
-= G =
-=== Grass Swales ===
-Vegetated, open channels designed to convey, treat and attenuate runoff.
-Design variations range from simple grass channels, which are designed primarily for
-conveyance to more complex treatment and volume reduction designs like enhanced grass
-swales, and dry swales or bioswales.
-=== Geotextile ===
-A filter fabric that is installed to separate dissimilar soils and provide runoff filtration
-and contaminant removal benefits while maintaining a suitable rate of flow; may be used to
-prevent fine-textured soil from entering a coarse granular bed, or to prevent coarse granular
-from being compressed into underlying finer-textured soils.
-=== Granular ===
-Gravel, or crushed stone of various size gradations (i.e., diameter), used in
-construction; void forming material used as bedding and runoff storage reservoirs and
-underdrains in stormwater infiltration practices.
-=== Gravel Diaphragm ===
-Is a level spreading device placed at a runoff discharge location,
-perpendicular to flow, to maintain sheet flow and distribute runoff as evenly as possible across a
-pervious area or stormwater infiltration practice. A gravel diaphragm acts as a pretreatment
-device, settling out suspended sediments before they reach the practice.
-=== Green Roof ===
-A thin layer of vegetation and growing medium installed on top of a conventional
-flat or sloped roof, also referred to as living roofs or rooftop gardens.
-=== Green Infrastructure ===
-Natural vegetation and vegetative technologies in urban settings such as:
-urban forests; green roofs; green walls; green spaces; rain gardens; bioswales; community
-gardens; natural and engineered wetlands and stormwater management ponds; and porous
-pavement systems. These systems are designed to provide multiple benefits, such as moderate
-temperatures, clean air and water, and improve aesthetics.
-=== Groundwater Discharge ===
-The outflow of groundwater to a well, spring, wetland or watercourse.
-=== Groundwater Recharge ===
-The inflow of surface water to a groundwater reservoir or aquifer.
-= H =
-=== Hydraulic Conductivity ===
-A parameter that describes the capability of a medium to transmit water.
-=== Hydrologic Cycle ===
-The circulation of water from the atmosphere to the earth and back, through
-precipitation, runoff, infiltration, groundwater flow and evapotranspiration.
-=== Hydrologic Regime ===
-The characteristic pattern of precipitation, runoff, infiltration and evaporation
-affecting the hydrology of a system.
-=== Hydrologic Soil Groups ===
-A soil classification system based on the ability to convey and store
-water; divided into four groups:
-A – well drained sands and gravel, high infiltration capacity, high leaching potential and low
-runoff potential;
-B – Moderately drained fine to coarse grained soils, moderate infiltration capacity, moderate
-leaching potential and moderate runoff potential;
-C – Fine grained, low infiltration capacity, low leaching potential and high runoff potential;
-D – Clay soils, very low infiltration capacity, very low leaching potential and very high runoff
-potential.
-= I =
-=== Impervious ===
-A hard surface area (e.g., road, parking area or rooftop) that prevents or retards
-the infiltration of water into the soil.
-=== Infiltration ===
-Penetration of water through the ground surface.
-=== Inline ===
-Refers to a system that accepts all of the flow from a drainage area and conveys larger
-event flows through an overflow outlet.
-= J =
-= K =
-= L =
-=== Landform ===
-The natural features of the landscape, dictates flow patterns, runoff velocities and
-discharge rates.
-=== Landscape-based Approach ===
-The principle that development form, servicing and stormwater
-management strategies should be defined by the biophysical, hydrological and ecological
-attributes of the landscape.
-=== Lot Level ===
-The treatment of urban runoff as close to the source area as possible through
-application of small scale stormwater management practices on individual properties that are
-linked to downstream conveyance and end-of-pipe practices.
-=== Low Impact Development ===
-A stormwater management strategy that seeks to mitigate the
-impacts of increased urban runoff and stormwater pollution by managing it as close to its source
-as possible. It comprises a set of site design approaches and small scale stormwater
-management practices that promote the use of natural systems for infiltration and
-evapotranspiration, and rainwater harvesting.
-= M =
-=== Master Environmental Servicing Plan (MESP) ===
-Is a community-scale planning assessment of
-servicing and environmental considerations for a development project.
-=== Mulch ===
-Shredded woody material or leaf compost used as a top dressing over vegetation beds
-that provides a source of soil nutrients and helps retain soil moisture; in bioretention cells and
-dry swales the surface mulch layer provides pollutant removal and improves growing conditions
-for the selected plants; shredded hardwood bark has been found to work best as it is less likely
-to float.
-= N =
-=== Native Soil ===
-The natural ground material characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic
-origin.
-= O =
-=== Offline ===
-Refers to a system that when full, stormwater will bypass the practice. Offline systems
-use flow splitters or bypass channels that only allow the water quality volume to enter the
-facility. This may be achieved with a pipe, weir, or curb opening sized for the target flow, but in
-conjunction, create a bypass channel so that higher flows do not pass over the surface of the
-filter bed.
-= P =
-=== Permeable Pavement ===
-Is an alternative practice to traditional impervious pavement, prevents
-the generation of runoff by allowing precipitation falling on the surface to infiltrate through the
-surface course into an underlying stone reservoir and, where suitable conditions exist, into the
-native soil.
-=== Physiography ===
-The physical features of the land, including topography, morphology and
-geologic origin. The physical feature of the land has an influence on the surface water
-movement and the interactions between surface water and groundwater.
-=== Pollution Hot Spot ===
-areas where certain land uses or activities have the potential to generate
-highly contaminated runoff (e.g., vehicle fuelling, service or demolition areas, outdoor storage
-and handling areas for hazardous materials and some heavy industry sites).
-=== Pollutant Load ===
-The total mass of a pollutant entering a waterbody over a defined time period.
-=== Predevelopment ===
-refers to the characteristics and functions of a system prior to urban
-development.
-=== Pretreatment ===
-Initial capturing and removal of unwanted contaminants, such as debris,
-sediment, leaves and pollutants, from stormwater before reaching a best management practice;
-Examples include, settling forebays, vegetated filter strips and gravel diaphragms.
-= Q =
-= R =
-=== Rain Garden ===
-A lot level bioretention cell designed to receive and detain, infiltrate and filter
-runoff, typically used for discharge from roof leaders.
-=== [[Rainwater Harvesting]] ===
-Is the practice of intercepting, conveying and storing rainwater for future
-use. The captured rainwater is typically used for outdoor non-potable water uses such as
-irrigation and pressure washing, or in the building to flush toilets or urinals or other uses that do
-not require potable water.
-=== Recharge ===
-The infiltration and movement of surface water into the soil, past the vegetation root
-zone, to the zone of saturation or water table.
-=== Riparian ===
-A vegetated ecosystem alongside a waterbody, characteristically have a high water
-table and are subject to periodic flooding.
-=== Runoff ===
-Water from rain, snow melt, or irrigation that flows over the land surface.
-= S =
-=== Sedimentation ===
-Settling-out or deposition of particulate matter suspended in runoff.
-=== Soakaway ===
-An excavated area lined with geotextile filter cloth and filled with clean granular
-stone or other void forming material, that receives runoff and allow it to infiltrate into the native
-soil; can also be referred to as infiltration galleries, French drains, dry wells or soakaway pits.
-=== Soil Amendment ===
-The practice of adding organic material, such as mulch or compost to topsoil
-to improve fertility, and tilling of the native soils to reverse compaction and restore its water
-retaining capacity.
-=== Standing Water ===
-Water ponded on the ground surface.
-=== Stone Reservoir ===
-An underlying aggregate material bed that temporarily stores stormwater
-before infiltrating into the native soil or being conveyed by an underdrain pipe.
-=== Stormwater Planer ===
-A bioretention cell that features an imperveable liner that collects and
-treats stormwater through sedimentation and filtration only (i.e., no infiltration).
-=== Stream Channel ===
-A natural waterway, formed by fluvial processes, that conveys running water.
-= T =
-=== Treatment Train Approach ===
-A combination of lot level, conveyance, and end-of-pipe stormwater
-management practices.
-= U =
-=== Underdrain ===
-A perforated pipe used to assist the draining of soils.
-=== Urbanization ===
-The changing of land cover and land uses from rural to urban; the growth of
-urban settlements.
-= V =
-=== Vegetated Filter Strip ===
-Are gently sloping, densely vegetated areas that treat runoff as sheet flow
-from adjacent impervious areas. They function by slowing runoff velocity and filtering out
-suspended sediment and associated pollutants, and by providing some infiltration into
-underlying soils. Also known as buffer strips and grassed filter strips.
-= W =
-=== Water Balance ===
-The accounting of inflow and outflow of water in a system according to the
-components of the hydrologic cycle.
-=== Water Cycle ===
-The continuous movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere (by
-evaporation), from the atmosphere to the land by condensation and precipitation, and from the land
-back to the sea (via groundwater and stream flow); also referred to as hydrologic cycle.
-=== Water Budget ===
-The mathematical expression of the water balance.
-=== Water Quality Volume ===
-The amount of stormwater runoff from a given area required to be
-retained by stormwater management practices to reduce pollutant load to an acceptable level.
-=== Water Table ===
-Subsurface water level which is defined by the level below which all the spaces in
-the soil are filled with water; The entire region below the water table is called the saturated
-zone.
-=== Watershed ===
-An area of land that drains into a river or a lake. The boundary of a watershed is
-based on the elevation (natural contours) of a landscape.
-= X =
-= Y =
-= Z =

Difference between revisions of "Glossary of Terms"

Latest revision as of 15:15, 7 September 2017

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